Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry services

We perform photogrammetry services based on image collection using drones as well as terrestrial photogrammetry, using DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) camera equipment.

Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is the science that deals with the determination in time and space of fixed, mobile, or deformable objects and with their photographic, graphic, or numerical representation (through coordinates) based on special photographs called photograms.

In other words, photogrammetry uses real images to capture an object and transform it into a 3D model, unlike 3D scanning, which uses structured laser light or LiDAR to measure the 3D position of points. This means that photogrammetry requires a good dataset. The photographs must be taken in the correct model to cover every part of a site, monument, or object.

ortofotoplan sit arheologic — rectified orthofotoplan of an arheological site

point cloud based on photogrammetry of the Arch of Triumph

3D modelling based on photogrammetry for cultural heritage assets

Various disciplines are used in photogrammetry, such as projective geometry and optics. The generation of 2D or 3D digital models of the object as a final product is possible due to several well-defined steps of the digital image capture and photogrammetric processing process.

Photogrammetry is used in fields such as topographic mapping, architecture, filmmaking, engineering, production, quality control, police investigation, cultural heritage, and geology. Archaeologists use it to quickly produce plans of large or complex sites, and meteorologists use it to determine the wind speed of tornadoes when objective weather data cannot be obtained.

There are two types of photogrammetry: aerial and terrestrial. For most cases we use the following setup:
DJI Phantom 4 RTK and DSLR Canon R8, Godox AR400, and XT16.

phantom-4-rtk-fotogrammetrie — aerial photogrammetry

fotogrametrie obiecte patrimoniu — assets / object photogrammetry

Aerial photogrammetry positions the camera in the air to take photographs from height. It is generally used on larger sites or in areas that are difficult to access. Aerial photogrammetry is one of the most used methods for creating geographic databases in forestry and natural resource management.

Terrestrial photogrammetry, also called close-range photogrammetry, is more focused on the object and usually relies on images taken by a handheld camera or one mounted on a tripod. It allows for the rapid collection of on-site data and more detailed image captures.

Products derived from photogrammetry

Photogrammetry generates a variety of products, including orthophotomaps, digital elevation models (DEM), 3D point clouds, and textured 3D models.

The orthomosaic corrects the geometric distortion that is inherent in images. By using tie points, it can reference images to the real world.

Orthomosaic project 7500ha

dambovicioara3 — The Digital Surface Model, or DSM, captures the natural and built features on the Earth’s surface, including their height. For example, the height may come from the top of buildings, trees, and power lines.

DSM model of a mountain slope for the purpose of a real estate project

Modelul digital al terenului sau DTM (digital terrain model) este o suprafață de elevație care reprezintă pământul.

DTM for an urban area for the purpose of conducting an urban, landscape, and territorial planning study

Application and use of photogrammetry services:

Civil construction: Photogrammetry technology is invaluable for planning and designing infrastructure. Real-time data helps construction workers manage site progress, keeping costs down and preventing delays.

Earthworks: Photogrammetry creates topographic maps of earthwork operations. The data is key to identifying the precise quantities of earth moved.

Not only does photogrammetry data provide work verification, but it also helps keep projects running smoothly and within budget, with volume measurements that accurately calculate costs and labor time.

Photo layout for a photogrammetric reconstruction project of a roof

Arrangement of photograms for a point cloud created from a drone in a rural area

Mining and aggregates: The digital terrain models created with photogrammetry help mining operators to quickly gain information on stockpile volumes or excavation areas. Operators have easy access to the updated calculation of stockpile volumes, and it not only improves the consistency of inventory reports but also quickly confirms the amount of material moved by subcontractors.

Waste management: Digital surface models help site managers optimize their waste deposits by monitoring capacity and providing an accurate density reading for specific cells. Photogrammetry data allows site managers to make strategic decisions about where teams should spend their time, where to build new cells, and many other important choices.

Our photogrammetry services aim to produce the following types of products:

Orthophotoplan – orthorectified aerial image – an accurate representation of the land surface, also known as a true orthophoto. We have projects where the resolution achieved for an orthophoto plan was 8 mm GSD for an industrial building. Example here: Industrial building – photogrammetry for solar panel installation.
DEM (digital elevation model) or the digital elevation model. Example of DEM made at the archaeological site of Micia – Roman fort.
DSM (digital surface model) or the digital surface model. Example here of such a model for an entire mountain slope.
DTM (digital terrain model) or the digital terrain model.
Creation of the digital terrain mesh and construction of contour lines. Here is an example of a mesh, made through photogrammetric processes to highlight some architectural details of the Feldioara Fortress.
Highlighting and calculating fillings, excavations, and material deposits.

With these services, we come to your aid in the following areas:

the field of topography and cadastre by creating a real, measured, and rectified orthophotoplan support, general cadastre support
urban planning through urban planning and development
civil and industrial constructions, the field of real estate development
the energy sector through the measurement and precise positioning of electric transport routes and high voltage
the mining sector through volumetric calculations for excavations, fillings
the field of archaeology by creating an orthophotoplan and 3D model of the excavations
the insurance sector by creating an orthophotoplan support and simulating floods, for risk assessment
environmental protection by monitoring forest cuts over time and creating support for further environmental studies
evaluation and precise calculation of forested areas, the forestry sector

Some photos of our projects:

Gallery 1

Gallery 2

ortofotoplan

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how does photogrammetry help us?

Photogrammetry is a method of collecting and analyzing spatial data using photographic or digital images. This technique allows for the acquisition of precise information about the shapes, sizes, positioning, and elevation of objects or lands.

Photogrammetry helps us in several ways:

1. Cartography and topography: Photogrammetry enables the creation of precise and up-to-date maps, including topographic maps, terrain maps, and orthophotoplans. This information is valuable in urban planning, infrastructure development, and natural resource management.
2. Monitoring and documentation: Using photogrammetry, we can monitor changes in terrain or constructions over time. This is useful in construction, understanding erosion processes or land displacement, as well as in documenting cultural and architectural heritage.

3. Photogrammetry is also valuable in the agricultural industry, where it can be used to analyze crops, assess plant health, and estimate yields. This information aids in agricultural management decisions, optimizing irrigation, and fertilizer application.
4. In archaeology and conservation, photogrammetry plays a crucial role in documenting and studying archaeological sites. It enables the creation of 3D models of relics, precise measurement and documentation of objects, and the realization of simulations and virtual reconstructions.
5. For geology and environmental studies, photogrammetry allows for the assessment of terrain and environmental changes, such as landslides, erosion, or waste deposits. This information is valuable in natural resource management and environmental impact assessments.

Photogrammetry helps us obtain detailed and accurate information about objects and lands, making it an essential technique in fields such as cartography, construction, agriculture, archaeology, and environmental studies. This information helps us make more informed decisions and manage resources and the environment more effectively.